@悉這一噩耗後’緊急聯繫上香港英皇的某位高層’對方證實了這一消息。到記者截稿時止’洪金寶的死因尚未明朗’只知道他不是在香港去世……   此外,諸如2001年的“千年木乃伊出土後懷孕”、2002年的“美國醫生操刀换人頭”等也都是出白新闈記者或編譯者之手。這樣的假新闈嚴重損害了讀者的利益,也破壞了媒體的聲譽。網絡新闈記者或編譯者必須從中汲取教訓,防止類似的假新闈出現於白己的筆端。   4 網絡新聞的編譯方法   4.1 清楚網絡媒體的讀者對象   從事翻譯,首先要知道白己的讀者對象是些甚麼樣的人。網絡新闈編譯也不例外。我們首先要認識到,網絡新闈與報紙新闈的讀者對象不完全一樣。當然,誠如大家所知,即使是報紙媒體也因各白的辦報宗旨各異,目標讀者群體也不盡相同。例如,人們一般認為《明報》 和《星島日報》主要以教育程度較高的專業人士為目標讀者。《維基百科》網站是這樣描迹《明報》讀者的:   《明報》主要讀者群是中產階級、專業人士、經理和企業的浃策人。他們通常有較高的收入和教育程度’是香港其中一個非常重要的讀者群。   《蘋果日報》和《束方日報》則以普羅大眾為主要讀者。因此,與《明報》和《星島日報》相比,它們在報道的內容、語言風格,以及版面設計等許多方面都呈現出不少的差異。這些差異無疑會影響新闈稿件的選擇、編輯的角度、翻譯或編譯的方法。同樣,網絡新闈的目標讀者同樣也會影響我們對網絡新闈的選擇和編譯。網絡新闈的讀者群就年龄而言,中青年人居多,且相對來說教育程度較高,比較容易接收新思想新事物。2003年,中國社會科學院社會發展研究中心對於互聯網使用的情況進行了調}材的選擇上、編譯內容的增刪上、語言風格的呈現上都要做相應的變化。目的在於用目標讀者所喜闈樂見的語言,把他們所關心和感興趣的新闈事件呈現出來。因此說,從事網絡新闈編譯的第一步,便是對白己的讀者對象有個清楚的認識。4.2 把握網絡新聞的語言特點   陳燕 (2004) 認為,網絡新闈在寫作上呈現兩大趨勢,消息的短小精悍化和報道的深度化。著名媒體調}下,才會深入閱讀;網絡新闈讀者平均每次上網時問僅為34分鐘;79% 的讀者閱讀新闈是浮光掠影的( 李希光 2002) 。為了滿足網絡新闈讀者“快餐式” 的閱讀方式,傳統“硬性”新闈的“倒金字塔”結構也非常適合編譯網絡新闈時採用,即將新闈最重要的內容放在前面,將背景和補充的訊息放在稍後的位置。這樣便於讀者在最短的時問裏把握到最有價值的新闈訊息。   4.3 確定網絡國際新聞編譯的原則   中文網絡的國際新闈應該有兩方面的來源:一是來白各種報紙媒體的國際版新闈,還有就是網站白己直接從國外主要媒體網站編譯的新闈稿。縱觀網絡新闈的翻譯現況,大概包括以下兩類。一類網絡新闈將語言學習與新闈信息傳播相結合,寓學習於新闈閱讀之中,如美國之音 (VOA) 網站每天提供兩條中英對照新闈,供人們“看新闈,學英語”。下面是摘白美國之音網站的一條中英雙語新闈。   04-12-06   俄歐盟與美譴責伊朗核武計劃 (Russia, European Union Denounce Iran's Nuclear Announcem ent)   在德黑蘭說已經成功把金屬鈾提煉到可以用來進行核能發電的水平一天後,俄羅斯和歐盟加入美國的行列,共同譴責伊朗的核計劃。   俄羅斯和德國把伊朗的發展稱之為“向錯誤方向發展的一步”。法國則敦促伊朗停止所說的“危險的活動”。以色列資深議員佩雷斯把伊朗的聲明說成是令人擔心和令人感到沮喪的。但是他說,外交途經是解決伊朗和西方國家之問有關伊朗核問題僵局的最佳途徑。   Russia and the European Union have joined the United States in condemning Iran’s nuclear program, one day after Tehran said it had succeeded in enriching uranium to a level used in nuclear power plants.   Russia and Germany are calling the Iranian development a step in the wrong direction,and France has urged Iran to stop what it called dangerous activities. Israeli elder statesmanShimon Peres called Iran’s claim worrying and frustrating, but said diplomacy is the bestway to resolve Iran's nuclear standoff with the W est.   這類新闈的特點,就內容而言,通常採用全文翻譯的方式;就翻譯方法而言,則主要以直譯為主。以上面這一則新闈為例,除了標題根據導語增加了“與美”兩字之外,其他部分基本上與原文亦步亦趨,一字不漏地翻譯出來。譯文句字普逦偏長,讀起來不甚通達,甚至有些拗口。如第一句“在德黑蘭說已經成功把金屬鈾提煉到可以用來進行核能發電的水平一天後”,讀起來很是費勁。當然,這樣的譯文是為了方便英語學習者進行英漢語言對比,姑且可以接受吧。否則,斷句是免不了的,如:   德黑蘭宣布已成功提高金屬鈾濃度’並達到進行核能發電的水平。一天後’俄羅斯和歐盟加入美國的行列’共同譴責伊朗的核計劃。   這條政府新闈中,頭兩段是完整的對譯,中文版和英文版完全對應。中文版的第三段在英文版中沒有對應的翻譯;中文版第四段與英文版第三段基本上是對應的翻譯。而英文版的第四和第五段在中文版中則沒有對應文字。事實上,比較英漢兩個文本後,似乎無法確定哪是原文,哪是譯文。   不過,大部份網絡新闈大多採取編譯的方法。所謂編譯,就是譯者除了翻譯之外還需要編輯,所以有人提出,所謂“編譯” 其實準確說應該叫作“譯編”( 劉其中 2004)。經過編譯的新闈,其內容很突出,更加貼近本地讀者的興趣;同時語言也更加精煉,更加貼近讀者的生活。   像編譯報紙新闈一樣,網絡新闈翻譯採取編譯的方法,有多種原因。首先,各大通訊社提供的新闈稿通常都很長,由於版面空問所限,也由於網民的“快餐式” 的閱讀習慣所限,不可能,也不適合登載英文新闈稿的全文翻譯稿。還有,對於同一個重大新闈事件,各家通訊社和主要媒體都會報道,內容不免重複,但報道的角度和側重點可能各不相同。為了全面而客觀地向中文讀者傳播這些新闈,編譯者就要根據需要,對這些稿件進行取捨,綜合整理。更重要的是,轉播通訊社的新闈稿時,不得不考慮本地讀者的特點和需要,重複的訊息或是與讀者關係不大的內容需要刪除、合併和壓縮。同樣的道理,有時在英文新闈稿中,記者出於各種原因省略的某些背景訊息,而這些訊息對於中文讀者又是必需的。為了便於中文讀者理解,編譯時需要將其增補進去。   這段關於戴安娜死因聆訊的新闈分別選白英國廣播公司 (BBC) 網站的英文版和中文版。通過比較,不難發現,中文版將1997年巴黎車禍死亡這個細節省略了 (into their deaths in a car crash in Paris in 1997),原因主要是由於戴安娜死亡車禍發生在十年之前,其後新闈中時常都會提到,該為大多讀者,包括中文讀者所熟悉。相反,對於戴安娜生前的男友多迪的老父親,即老法耶德是何許人,敢與英國皇室較量,許多中文讀者未必清楚。因此,編譯者在中文版中保留並添加了關於老法耶德的背景資料,即“法耶德是英國著名的高檔百貨商店哈羅茲的老闆以及英超足球富勒姆俱樂部的束主” 。   上面所舉的例子基本上都是根據單獨一條原文新闈編譯的中文新闈。除此之外,還有對兩條或兩條以上新闈的綜合編譯。在這種情況下,編譯者通常會首先快速通讀所有的新闈稿,選擇其中內容較為全面,最適合本地讀者口味的一篇作為“基礎新闈稿”,其他的則作為“輔助新闈稿” 。編譯時,以“基礎新闈稿” 為主,同時將“輔助新闈稿” 的重要內容融合進來。我們再以英國廣播公司2008年2月22日的一則新闈為例。這是關於科索沃宣布獨立後,塞爾維亞示威者在貝爾格萊德攻擊西方國家大使館的報道。   英文版:   US em bassy in Belgrade attacked   1. Several hundred protesters have attacked the US and other embassies in Serbia’s capital in anger at W estern support for Kosovo’s independence.   2. Protesters broke into the US compound and briefly set part of the embassy alight. The UK, Belgian, Croatian and Turkish missions were also attacked.   3. The violence followed a peaceful rally earlier by at least 150,000 people outside the main parliament building.   4. The US, UK, Germany and Italy are among those to have recognised Kosovo. 5. The BBC’s Nick Hawton in Belgrade says smoke and tear gas are drifting across the main square, where Prime M inister Vojislav Kostunica earlier delivered an impassioned speech condemning the territory's secession.   6. Most Serbs regard Kosovo as their religious and cultural heartland.   7. Mr. Kostunica told the flag-waving crowd that Serbia was the only country being putunder pressure by W estern powers to give up its identity.   Ripped flag   8. The United States expressed outrage at the attack. The US ambassador to the UnitedNations, Zalmay Khalilzad, said he would call on the UN to also condemn the violence. 9. He said he wanted to remind “the Serb government of its responsibility to protect diplomatic facilities.”   10.Serbian President Boris Tadic appealed for calm.   11.“This only keeps Kosovo distant from Serbia,” he said.   12.About 1,000 protesters attacked the building; some got inside and briefly set fire tosome of the rooms inside. At the time there appeared to be no police protecting theembassy.   13.Local media reported that a charred body was found there later in the evening.   14.One protester climbed onto the first floor and ripped the US flag from its pole. Riotpolice backed by armoured cars fired tear gas at the protesters.   15. Several other embassies were also attacked by angry crowds. There are reports ofvarious businesses and restaurants being attacked and flames billowing from some ofthe premises.   16.Correspondents say ambulances have been travelling across Belgrade and there arereports of up to 100 people having been injured.   17.Serbia, supported by Russia and China, says Kosovo’s Sunday declaration violates international law.   18.M r Kostunica addressed the crowds from a large stage, saying: “As long as we live,Kosovo is Serbia. Kosovo belongs to the Serbian people.”   19.“We’ll never give up Kosovo, never!” the crowd responded.   20.“Is there any other nation on Earth from whom [the great powers] are demanding that they give up their identity, to give up our brothers in Kosovo?” he added.   21.Ultra-nationalist leader Tomislav Nikolic accused the US and EU of trying to steal Kosovo.   22.“We will not rest until Kosovo is again under Serbia’s control,” he said.23.“Hitler could not take it away from us, and neither will today’s [Western powers].”   24.After the speeches, the crowd marched to the city’s biggest church, the Temple of Saint Sava.   Border protest   25.Thick, black smoke had also earlier billowed from the crossing point at M erdare,50km (30 miles) north-east of Kosovo's capital Pristina.   26.Serbs there waved large tricolour Serbian flags, chanted “Kosovo is Serbia” and tried to cross the de facto border.   27.“W e are here in support of the Serbs who still live in Kosovo,” Dejan M ilosevic, one of the organisers, told the Associated Press news agency.   28.The Kosovo police, backed by Czech troops from the Nato-led peacekeeping force,put a steel barrier across the road and were able to hold their line.   29.The Serbs later pulled back and ended their protest.   30.Protest rallies were also held in the Bosnian Serb republic (Republika Srpska). Therewere unconfirmed reports of injuries as several hundred protesters clashed with policeoutside the US consulate in Banja Luka.   31.In the coming weeks, an almost 2,000-strong EU mission will be deployed to help thecountry develop its police force and judiciary.   中文版:   塞族示威者襲擊西方國家使館   1. 對西方國家支持科索沃獨立表示憤慨的數千名塞爾維亞示威者在貝爾格萊德攻   擊了一些西方國家的大使館。   2. 一些示威者攻擊和進入了美國大使館官郾,並一度縱火焚燒部分使